ER‐model. Relational model:Relational algebra, Tuple calculus, SQL. Integrity constraints, Normal forms. File organization, Indexing (e.g., B and B+ trees). Transactions and concurrency control.

$$\scriptsize{\overset{{\large{\textbf{Mark Distribution in Previous GATE}}}}{\begin{array}{|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|}\hline
\textbf{Year}& \textbf{2024-1}& \textbf{2024-2} &\textbf{2023} &\textbf{2022} & \textbf{2021-1}&\textbf{2021-2}&\textbf{Minimum}&\textbf{Average}&\textbf{Maximum}
\\\hline\textbf{1 Mark Count} &4&4&1& 3 &2&1&1&2.5&4
\\\hline\textbf{2 Marks Count} &2&2&2& 2&3&3&2&2.33&3
\\\hline\textbf{Total Marks} & 8&8&5& 7 &8&7&\bf{5}&\bf{7.16}&\bf{8}\\\hline
\end{array}}}$$

Previous GATE Questions in Databases

1 votes

2 answers

1

GATE CSE 2024 | Set 2 | Question: 9
Once the $\text{DBMS}$ informs the user that a transaction has been successfully completed, its effect should persist even if the system crashes before all its changes are reflected on disk. This property is called durability atomicity consistency isolation

Once the $\text{DBMS}$ informs the user that a transaction has been successfully completed, its effect should persist even if the system crashes before all...

2.4k views

Arjun asked Feb 16

2 votes

2 answers

2

GATE CSE 2024 | Set 2 | Question: 10
In the context of owner and weak entity sets in the $\text{ER}$ (Entity-Relationship) data model, which one of the following statements is TRUE? The weak entity set MUST have total participation in the identifying ... in the identifying relationship Neither weak entity set nor owner entity set MUST have total participation in the identifying relationship

In the context of owner and weak entity sets in the $\text{ER}$ (Entity-Relationship) data model, which one of the following statements is TRUE?The weak entity set MUST h...

2.2k views

Arjun asked Feb 16

3 votes

2 answers

3

GATE CSE 2024 | Set 2 | Question: 16
Which of the following file organizations is/are $\text{I/O}$ efficient for the scan operation in $\text{DBMS}$? Sorted Heap Unclustered tree index Unclustered hash index

Which of the following file organizations is/are $\text{I/O}$ efficient for the scan operation in $\text{DBMS}$?SortedHeapUnclustered tree indexUnclustered...

2.6k views

Arjun asked Feb 16

1 votes

1 answer

4

GATE CSE 2024 | Set 2 | Question: 17
Which of the following statements about the Two Phase Locking ($2 \mathrm{PL}$) protocol is/are TRUE? $2 \mathrm{PL}$ permits only serializable schedules With $2 \mathrm{PL}$, a transaction always locks the data item being read or ... , no more locks on any data item can be obtained inside that transaction A deadlock is possible with $2 \mathrm{PL}$

Which of the following statements about the Two Phase Locking ($2 \mathrm{PL}$) protocol is/are TRUE?$2 \mathrm{PL}$ permits only serializable schedulesWith $...

2.2k views

Arjun asked Feb 16

3 votes

2 answers

5

GATE CSE 2024 | Set 2 | Question: 35
The relation schema, Person (pid, city), describes the city of residence for every person uniquely identified by pid. The following relational algebra operators are available: selection, projection, cross product, and rename. To find the list of cities ... above operators, the minimum number of cross product operations that must be used is $1$ $2$ $3$ $4$

The relation schema, Person (pid, city), describes the city of residence for every person uniquely identified by pid. The following relational algebra oper...

2.6k views

Arjun asked Feb 16

1 votes

2 answers

6

GATE CSE 2024 | Set 2 | Question: 46
A functional dependency $F: X \rightarrow Y$ is termed as a useful functional dependency if and only if it satisfies all the following three conditions: $\text{X}$ is not the empty set. $\text{Y}$ is not the empty set. Intersection ... set. For a relation $\text{R}$ with $4$ attributes, the total number of possible useful functional dependencies is __________.

A functional dependency $F: X \rightarrow Y$ is termed as a useful functional dependency if and only if it satisfies all the following three conditions:$\text{X}$ is not ...

2.2k views

Arjun asked Feb 16

1 votes

2 answers

7

GATE CSE 2024 | Set 1 | Question: 10
Let $\mathrm{S}$ be the specification: "Instructors teach courses. Students register for courses. Courses are allocated classrooms. Instructors guide students." Which one of the following $\mathrm{ER}$ diagrams CORRECTLY represents $\mathrm{S}$? $\text{(i)}$ $\text{(ii)}$ $\text{(iii)}$ $\text{(iv)}$

Let $\mathrm{S}$ be the specification: "Instructors teach courses. Students register for courses. Courses are allocated classrooms. Instructors guide students." Which one...

2.3k views

Arjun asked Feb 16

3 votes

3 answers

8

GATE CSE 2024 | Set 1 | Question: 11
In a $\mathrm{B}+$ tree, the requirement of at least half-full $(50 \%)$ node occupancy is relaxed for which one of the following cases? Only the root node All leaf nodes All internal nodes Only the leftmost leaf node

In a $\mathrm{B}+$ tree, the requirement of at least half-full $(50 \%)$ node occupancy is relaxed for which one of the following cases?Only the root nodeAll leaf nodesAl...

2.8k views

Arjun asked Feb 16

3 votes

2 answers

9

GATE CSE 2024 | Set 1 | Question: 12
Which of the following statements about a relation $\mathbf{R}$ in first normal form $\text{(1NF)}$ is/are TRUE? $\mathbf{R}$ can have a multi-attribute key $\mathbf{R}$ cannot have a foreign key $\mathbf{R}$ cannot have a composite attribute $\mathbf{R}$ cannot have more than one candidate key

Which of the following statements about a relation $\mathbf{R}$ in first normal form $\text{(1NF)}$ is/are TRUE?$\mathbf{R}$ can have a multi-attribute key$\mathbf{R}$ ca...

3.9k views

Arjun asked Feb 16

1 votes

1 answer

10

GATE CSE 2024 | Set 1 | Question: 25
Consider the following two relations, $R(A, B)$ and $S(A, C)$: $R$ $A$ $B$ $10$ $20$ $20$ $30$ $30$ $40$ $30$ $50$ $50$ $95$ $S$ $A$ $C$ $10$ $90$ $30$ $45$ $40$ $80$ The total number of tuples obtained by evaluating the following expression $\sigma_{B<C}\left(R \bowtie_{R . A=S . A} S\right)$ is ___________.

Consider the following two relations, $R(A, B)$ and $S(A, C)$:$R$$A$$B$$10$$20$$20$$30$$30$$40$$30$$50$$50$$95$$S$$A$$C$$10$$90$$30$$45$$40$$80$The total number of tuples...

1.9k views

Arjun asked Feb 16

2 votes

3 answers

11

GATE CSE 2024 | Set 1 | Question: 34
The symbol $\rightarrow$ indicates functional dependency in the context of a relational database. Which of the following options is/are TRUE? $(X, Y) \rightarrow(Z, W)$ implies $X \rightarrow(Z, W)$ $(X, Y) \rightarrow(Z, W)$ ... $(X, W) \rightarrow Z$ $(X \rightarrow Y$ and $Y \rightarrow Z)$ implies $X \rightarrow Z$

The symbol $\rightarrow$ indicates functional dependency in the context of a relational database. Which of the following options is/are TRUE?$(X, Y) \rightarrow(Z, W)$...

2.4k views

Arjun asked Feb 16

1 votes

1 answer

12

GATE CSE 2024 | Set 1 | Question: 36
Consider the following read-write schedule $\text{S}$ over three transactions $T_{1}, T_{2}$, and $T_{3}$ ... to $\text{S}$? $T_{1} T_{2} T_{3}$ $T_{1} T_{3} T_{2}$ $T_{3} T_{2} T_{1}$ $T_{3} T_{1} T_{2}$

Consider the following read-write schedule $\text{S}$ over three transactions $T_{1}, T_{2}$, and $T_{3}$, where the subscripts in the schedule indicate trans...

2.6k views

Arjun asked Feb 16

13 votes

5 answers

13

GATE CSE 2023 | Question: 6
Which one of the options given below refers to the degree (or arity) of a relation in relational database systems? Number of attributes of its relation schema. Number of tuples stored in the relation. Number of entries in the relation. Number of distinct domains of its relation schema.

Which one of the options given below refers to the degree (or arity) of a relation in relational database systems?Number of attributes of its relation schema.Number of tu...

9.1k views

admin asked Feb 15, 2023

9 votes

2 answers

14

GATE CSE 2023 | Question: 51
Consider the following table named $\text{Student}$ in a relational database. The primary key of this table is $\text{rollNum}.$ $\text{Student}$ ... . SELECT * FROM Student WHERE gender = 'F' AND marks > 65; The number of rows returned by the query is ___________.

Consider the following table named $\text{Student}$ in a relational database. The primary key of this table is $\text{rollNum}.$$\text{Student}$$\begin{array}{|c|l|c|c|}\...

7.7k views

admin asked Feb 15, 2023

14 votes

2 answers

15

GATE CSE 2023 | Question: 52
Consider a database of fixed-length records, stored as an ordered file. The database has $25,000$ records, with each record being $100$ bytes, of which the primary key occupies $15$ bytes. The data file is block-aligned in that each data ... required to identify the block in the data file that may contain a record with the key, in the worst case, is _____________.

Consider a database of fixed-length records, stored as an ordered file. The database has $25,000$ records, with each record being $100$ bytes, of which the primary key oc...

13.1k views

admin asked Feb 15, 2023

0 votes

1 answer

16

GATE CSE 2023 | Memory Based Question: 34
Which one of the options given below refers to the degree (or arity) of a relation in relational database systems? Number of tuples stored in relation. Number of distinct domains of its relation schema. Number of attributes in relation. Number of entries in relation.

Which one of the options given below refers to the degree (or arity) of a relation in relational database systems?Number of tuples stored in relation.Number of distinct d...

1.7k views

GO Classes asked Feb 5, 2023

12 votes

2 answers

17

GATE CSE 2022 | Question: 4
In a relational data model, which one of the following statements is $\text{TRUE}?$ A relation with only two attributes is always in $\text{BCNF}.$ If all attributes of a relation are prime attributes, then the relation is in $\text{BCNF}.$ Every relation has at least one non-prime attribute. $\text{BCNF}$ decompositions preserve functional dependencies.

In a relational data model, which one of the following statements is $\text{TRUE}?$A relation with only two attributes is always in $\text{BCNF}.$If all attributes of a r...

10.4k views

Arjun asked Feb 15, 2022

15 votes

2 answers

18

GATE CSE 2022 | Question: 15
Consider the following three relations in a relational database. $\text{Employee} (\underline{\text{eId}},\text{Name}), \; \text{Brand}(\underline{\text{bId}},\text{bName}), \; \text{Own}(\underline{\text{eId}},\underline{\text{bId}})$ Which of the following relational ... $ \Pi_{eId} \left( (\Pi_{eId}(Own) \times \Pi_{bId} (Own)) / \Pi_{bId} (Brand) \right)$

Consider the following three relations in a relational database.$\text{Employee} (\underline{\text{eId}},\text{Name}), \; \text{Brand}(\underline{\text{bId}},\text{bName}...

8.7k views

Arjun asked Feb 15, 2022

15 votes

1 answer

19

GATE CSE 2022 | Question: 21
Consider a relation $R (A, B, C, D, E)$ with the following three functional dependencies. $AB \rightarrow C; \; BC \rightarrow D; \; C \rightarrow E;$ The number of superkeys in the relation $R$ is ______________ .

Consider a relation $R (A, B, C, D, E)$ with the following three functional dependencies.$AB \rightarrow C; \; BC \rightarrow D; \; C \rightarrow E;$The number of superke...

9.1k views

Arjun asked Feb 15, 2022

12 votes

2 answers

20

GATE CSE 2022 | Question: 29
Let $\textit{R}_{i}(z)$ and $\textit{W}_{i}(z)$ denote read and write operations on a data element $z$ by a transaction $\textit{T}_{i},$ respectively. Consider the schedule $\textit{S}$ ... $T_{4} \rightarrow T_{1} \rightarrow T_{3} \rightarrow T_{2}$ $T_{3} \rightarrow T_{1} \rightarrow T_{4} \rightarrow T_{2}$

Let $\textit{R}_{i}(z)$ and $\textit{W}_{i}(z)$ denote read and write operations on a data element $z$ by a transaction $\textit{T}_{i},$ respectively. Consider the sched...

9.0k views

Arjun asked Feb 15, 2022

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